英语中的强调用法

英语中的强调用法

英语中无论是口语还是书面语都离不了“强调”，“强调”的方法也多种多样。在口语中一般借助语调的变化来表示，也就是重读句中要强调的某个词或某个部分；在书面语中可以通过词汇手段、语法手段或修辞手段来进行强调，以加强语势。下面谈谈如何用这几种手段表“强调”。

一、词汇手段表强调

英语中有些词在句中起强调作用，强调句中的动词、名词、数词、形容词、副词等。常见的如下：

(一)do表强调

1.在一般句型中，do(does,did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，且需符合下列两个条件：1句子是肯定句；2句子中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般过去时。此时的do可译为“真的”、“果真”、“的确”、“确实”等。例如： You do look nice today.你今天看起来真的很漂亮。Jack said he would come and he did come.杰克说他要来，他果真来了。

2.在祈使句中，do表强意的请求，而不是命令，有时它可以使邀请对方的心意更加客气、热情、友好，而且亲切，此时的do可译为“务”、“务必”等。例如：Please do sit down.务请坐下。Do be careful!请务必小心谨慎! Do tell me all about it.I'll keep it a dead secret.请告诉我吧，我一定严守秘密。

(二)good表强调

1.形容词good置于名词或形容词之前，可以起到强调作用，在不同的句子中可译为：“足足”、“整整”、“狠狠地”、“相当”、“很”等。例如：It'll take you a good four hours to get there.到达那里足足需要你四个小时。His father gave him a good beating.他父亲狠狠地揍了他一顿。I covered a good hundred miles that day.那天我整整走了一百英里。

除good之外，cool,solid,clear等词也可以用来表强调。例如：His father earns a cool thousand dollars a month.他父亲每月能挣足足一千美元。 She has been waiting for her husband a solid hour.她等她丈夫等了整整一个小时。 The snake measures ten clear feet long.蛇足有十英尺长。

2.形容词good和and结合起来，构成good and …表强调，程度副词作状语，相当于very,thoroughly,completely等，强调and之后的形容词或副词。例如： These apples are good and ripe.这些苹果完全熟透了。He drove good and fast.他开车相当快。When it was good and dark,he left his home。当天完全黑了时，他离开了家。

除good之外，形容词nice,fine,sweet,rare,lovely等词也可以与and连用表强调。例如：The building stands nice and high.这座建筑挺高。The child was rare and hungry.这孩子饿得慌。It was lovely and cool there.那儿非常凉爽。

(三)very表强调 very常用在the,this,that或物主代词my,his ,our,your之后，加强名词的语意，意为“正是”、“就是”、“仅仅”、“甚至”等。例如：You are the very man I'm looking for.你正是我要找的人。At this very moment the telephone rang.就在这个时候电话铃响了。He knows our very thoughts.他甚至了解我们内心深处的思想。The fault is your very own.这完全是你自己的错。

(四)only表强调 only常置于单数名词之前，以加强名词的语意，意为“唯一的”、“仅有的”、“最合适的”、“无与伦比的”等。例如：This is the only book of its kind in the world.这本书是世界上仅有的一本。 Mr Brown is the only person able to do it.布朗先生是唯一能胜任的人。She is the only woman for the position.她是那个职位的最佳人选。

二、语法手段表强调 

语法手段表强调指的是英语中的某些固定的强调句型，表强调的句型主要有两个：“it”强调句和假拟强调句。

(一)it强调句 it强调句结构为：“It is (was)＋被强调的部分＋that(who/whom)＋句子的其它成分”，这种强调句除了不能强调谓语动词外，其它句子成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等都可以强调。例如：Anne had a severe heart attack last night.安妮昨晚得了严重的心脏病。此句可以用三个强调句分别强调主语、宾语和状语。It was Anne that had a severe heart attack last night.正是安妮昨晚得了严重的心脏病。(强调主语) It was a severe heart attack that Anne had last night.安妮昨晚得的是严重的心脏病。(强调宾语)It was last night that Anne had a severe heart attack.就是在昨晚安妮得了严重的心脏病。(强调状语) 又如：It is Chairman of the committee that they elected him.他们选举他担任的是这个委员会的主席。(强调宾补) It was because she was ill that she didn't go to school yesterday.正是因为她病了，她昨天才没去上学。(强调原因状语从句)

it强调句还需注意以下几点：

1.如果被强调的主语或宾语是人时，可用that也可用who。例如：It is a policeman who (that) my son wants to be.我儿子想当的就是警察。

2.如果被强调的是人称代词，该人称代词可以用主格，也可以用宾格。非正式文体中多用宾格。例如：It is he(him)that is to blame.该受责备的是他。

3.如果原句中含有 ……此处隐藏2436个字…… My viewpoint is exactly similar to that of the author, though he attaches greater emphasis to the relationship between IB and BE. From my viewpoint, on top of mastering abundant international business management knowledge, a successful IB manager should have a broad scope of knowledge related extensively to finance, accounting, sociology, etc, which can help him make better informed decision. The author demonstrates the same philosophy on the relationship of different disciplines with mine. That is one of the reasons why I would choose to write the review on this article.

Another reason is that the author mentions some ethical issues worldwide, which leads me to think about the situation in China, my motherland. I will spontaneously compare what the author says in the article with what it is like in China. I will think about the reasons behind some phenomena, which is helpful for me to get a better understanding of the issues in the context of different countries, especially in my home country.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this journal article gives us a better insight into the relationship between IB and BE, which can motivate scholars in these two disciplines to further study some issues by retorting each other’s knowledge and theories.

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Reference:

Jonathan Doth, Bryan W. Husted, Dirk Matten and Michael Santoro(20xx), Ahoy There! Toward Greater Congruence and Synergy between International Business and Business Ethics Theory and Research, Business Ethics Quarterly (July, 20xx)

Brian J. Hurn(20xx), Ethics in International Business, Industrial and Commercial Training, page 347-354 ( July,20xx)

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